Category Archives: Bible/Science

Which Came First – the Chicken or the Egg? The Bible and Science

July 12, 2018Answers to Questions, Bible/Scienceadmin

This has been a topic of debate for more than 2000 years, but with the latest finding in genetics, it appears those who say the “chicken” are on the winning side. The present writer says the “chicken” based solely on the Biblical narrative, but I am pleased to pass on the recent scientific findings that support the Biblical stance.

We can start by summarizing what we know about chickens, eggs, and genetics:

Chickens and their eggs have the same DNA. A chicken’s DNA is set at conception and remains the same no matter the form: egg, chick, pullet, capon, hen or rooster.
Chickens are domestic animals whose purpose is laying eggs. Some lay up to 300 eggs per year.
Chickens have a gene which allows them to produce an egg with a shell in less than 24 hours. This gene is unique to chickens. No other egg-laying creature has it.
Chickens are a unique species: Gallus gallus. There are many colors, shapes, and sizes, but only one species.

Previously, those who accepted evolutionary biology said that the egg came first. This was based on the notion that a near chicken mated with another near chicken and produced a chicken egg. This chicken egg hatched and found another chicken that was conceived by two near chickens. The two chickens mated and Gallus gallus made its debut as a viable species. Case closed! Well, not quite! say some of their peers. Recent genetic studies found that chickens have a unique gene called ovocledidin-17 (Oc17) ¹. Without the proteins produced by this gene, a chicken cannot lay an egg. This causes trouble with the “egg first” thinking since near chickens could not lay a chicken egg because they didn’t have the Oc17 gene. So, if the egg couldn’t come first, it had to be the chicken. It would be impossible for an egg from two near chickens to develop a complex gene which produces a protein with 142 amino acids. You would need two eggs that could accomplish this feat and coexist at the same time and place. This defies any imagination of probability and is a severe problem for those putting their money on the egg. The ancient philosopher, whoever he or she was, couldn’t have picked a worse example for the evolutionists. He or she could have picked any other egg-laying creature and would have avoided this inconvenient truth. On the other hand, for we creationists, the Bible is once again shown to be Rock solid.

It must be said that the evolutionary stance is still not dead. The chicken is said to be the closest living relative to the T-rex (Tyrannosaurus rex). Since we do know whether or not the T-Rex had the Oc17 gene, the case is not closed.

Now, let’s look at the Biblical narrative. The Bible says that all things were created in six days, this includes the wild and domestic birds. The Bible also states that all things were created after their kind and that they reproduce after their kind. Therefore, the Bible, which does not change with the ages or “latest” hypotheses, is and has always been clear:

Gallus gallus was created during the first six days of the creation. It was a chicken and it mated with other chickens that were also created during the creation week.
Gallus gallus reproduces after its kind and produces more chickens.
The chicken was created for man. It has the ovocledidin-17 protein, which separates them from other species and allows us to raise chickens and have plenty of fresh eggs.
Also, the Gallus gallus species has sufficient genetic diversity to produce egg-laying chickens and meat chickens. Some chickens lay beautifully colored eggs and some chickens have silky feathers. They were divinely created for us. They are like dogs, they come in all shapes, sizes, and colors to be useful and pleasing to mankind.

Dear friends and children, the Bible gets it right every time. It is Rock solid and can be trusted, eternally.

References:

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/100313508

Epigenetics – Complexity of Biblical Proportions – Part 1

December 12, 2017Bible/Science, DNAadmin

The discovery of DNA has greatly enhanced our understanding of life and its complexities. However, understanding DNA is just the beginning. DNA orchestration and expression are of mind-blowing, Biblical, proportions of complexity. This orchestration is a field of study called epigenetics; a term coined in the 1940’s and currently one of the hottest topics of research. Epigenetics may very well be the most important scientific discovery of our generation.

Consider a nest of eggs. The DNA is fixed in the nucleus of each egg. After a month or so, the eggs will incubate and be transformed into chicks. These chicks all look alike but no longer resemble the egg from which they came. Their DNA has not changed. Every cell in their body, in collaboration with every other cell, has expressed itself as this baby chick. After a few weeks they increase in size and grow bigger wings, their fuzz turns into feathers, and muscles become toned for flight. At each stage, the babies, in this case, robins, all look alike; their DNA is expressed in like manner for each of the chicks; every cell is expressing itself differently, but in concert with every other cell, doing its part to produce a fledgling. Amazingly, the robin’s DNA does not change, but the robins do; they change a lot. They all grow at the same rate and fledge at the same time. Finally, we have mature birds, all approximately the same size and approximately the same physical appearance. The DNA is fixed from egg till death, but the expression of the robin’s DNA is changed drastically from one stage to another. Everything is performing with perfect orchestration and expression.

So, the question is, what mechanism produces this orchestration? It is explained by epigenetics. Epigenetics is the study of how DNA is packed into the cell and with which chemicals it is packed. The result of this packing regulates which genes are expressed and to what extent. Each time a cell divides, it is subject to new packing arrangements. Each cell is different and each cell packs in concert with every other cell; each doing its part. This is a miracle. Every stage of growth and development is a miracle. An extreme example of epigenetics is the butterfly. During metamorphosis, the larva changes to a butterfly, totally different from the larva in appearance and metabolism. And, it happens very quickly. The cell divisions act in unison with all cells to regulate gene expression and produce what looks like a totally different creature even though the DNA remains fixed.

Epigenetics is a system of turning genes off and on. We humans have just over 20,000 genes in our body and each of these genes can be expressed or not depending on how tightly it is wound and with which chemicals it is packed. Therefore, with the butterfly, one combination of genes is expressed to build the larva and another combination of genes is expressed for constructing the mature butterfly. No matter how the DNA is packed, it cannot construct a moth, a bird, or a chimpanzee; it can only express the various stages of that species of butterfly.

Now let’s look at human epigenetics and make it a bit more personal. What regulates and orchestrates our DNA packing? The answer is, “our personal DNA coupled with our environment determines how our DNA is packed.” This environment includes diet, air quality, stress, friends, attitude, purpose, and spiritual beliefs. The environment triggers receptors, switches, hormones, and electrical signals: these triggers affect how our DNA is expressed. In summary, not only does your DNA regulate gene expression, but so does our physical and spiritual environment. We have a blog (part 2 of this blog) that shows both the physical and spiritual effects of epigenetics using laboratory tests of mice and rats.

Now that we have given the basics, it is time to shock you with the complexity of epigenetics. Consider you. You looked different when you were a fetus and you looked different as a newborn. Then came the toddler years and adolescent years. Every decade you look different. Each cell in your body must do its part in making you, you for each period of your life. Latest estimates are that a human body has 37.2 trillion cells. Each cell contains about 6 feet of DNA. Therefore, you have 6 X 37.2 = 223.2 trillion feet of DNA that must be orchestrated to make you, you. If we take this 223.2 trillion feet of DNA and divide by 5280 (feet in a mile) and take that and divide by the distance to the sun (93 million miles), we get 459.07. This is shocking! This means that if you stretch out your DNA, it is long enough to make approximately 230 round trips to the sun. This is complexity of Biblical proportions. Each of these 6-foot strands must do its part in the orchestration with all the other 37.2 trillion strands to produce you at any point in your life. Only divine intellect and ingenuity can explain complexity of this proportion.

Dear friends and children, if you believe the Bible you are doing well. The complexity of life is of Biblical proportions and cannot be explained by chaos. When we face the creator, we will be able to say, “we believed your Word, that you created all things.”

Why Did God Create Plant Life before the Sun?

August 21, 2017Answers to Questions, Bible/Scienceadmin

Did God make a mistake by creating the plants before creating the sun? Everyone knows that photosynthesis requires light. How could the Creator of the universe make such an error? Or, maybe He didn’t.

First of all, we must realize that Genesis chapter 1 was peer-reviewed by Jesus, and He accepted it as is. Therefore, these Scriptures must be correct. God created vegetation on day three (Genesis 1:11-13) and created the sun on day four (Genesis 1:14-19). So, how does this make sense?

Point one: Photosynthesis and heat were not lacking on day three since God created light on day 1.

Genesis 1:3 And God said, Let there be light: and there was light.

Genesis 1:5 And God called the light Day, and the darkness he called Night. And the evening and the morning were the first day. (KJV)

Therefore, on day three, there was no shortage of light or heat; it’s just that the source was not the sun; it was Jesus.

John 8:12 Then spake Jesus again unto them, saying,
I am the light of the world: he that followeth me shall not walk in darkness, but shall have the light of life. (KJV Jesus’ words in red)

Point two: At the end of the age, again, there will be light but no sun, as clearly stated in the Bible:

Revelation 22:5 And there shall be no night there; and they need no candle, neither light of the sun; for the Lord God giveth them light: and they shall reign for ever and ever. (KJV)

So, concerning the question, “Why did God create the plants before the sun?” the answer is: the sequence of creation of the sun and plant life doesn’t matter, but it highlights what is essential, and that is that Jesus is the eternal source of light. So, what is the purpose of the sun? The Bible tells us it is to rule the day, and it is for signs, and for seasons, and for days, and years (Genesis 1:14-16). The sun is an essential element in the creation, but it is temporal. It supplies light for our brief sojourn here on earth, but one day the sun will cease from shining, and Jesus will provide us with not only our physical light needs but also our spiritual light needs. Jesus is the Light.

Adam’s Complexion and Hair Color

July 13, 2017Answers to Questions, Bible/Science, DNA, Neanderthaladmin

Recent genetic discoveries coupled with Scriptures lead us to an intriguing possibility: Adam had red hair and a ruddy, or rosy, complexion. This notion is based on the following three pieces of evidence:

(1) The name Adam means “red.”

(2) Adam’s complexion was tuned for the early atmosphere.

(3) Neanderthal had a ruddy/rosy complexion.

(1) The name “Adam” means “red.” Look it up in any dictionary in any language and it means “red.” It comes from the Hebrew word “adam” which means “red” (Strong’s ref H119, H120). So, why would God call the first human “red?” I have known several people in my life who were called “red,” and they all had red hair and rosy complexions. We also know that the Bible proclaims that the life of the flesh is in the blood (Leviticus 17:11). Adam was formed out of the dust of the ground (also from the Hebrew H119 meaning redness), received the breath of life, and became a living soul (Genesis 2:7). The blood is arguably the centerpiece of creation: it gives us life and is the source of redemption (Hebrews 9:12). If Adam was, in fact, rosy, his complexion would display this centerpiece of the creation – the blood.

(2) Adam’s complexion was tuned for the early atmosphere. The early atmosphere was different from what we have now. The fossil evidence shows us that there were giant dragonflies, mammoth millipedes, and huge cockroaches, just to name a few. These insects could not survive in our present atmosphere and would have required 30 to 50 percent more oxygen than we have presently.^{(Ref 1)} This early atmosphere would affect vitamin D production in humans. It is known that rosy complexioned people are very efficient at producing vitamin D from sunlight. It follows that the complexion of those who occupied the Earth before the flood was various shades of “rosy” in order to optimize vitamin D production. Then, the darker shades of skin pigment were activated after the flood to accommodate the new ecosystem. Had the darker skin pigments been activated before the flood, there could have been problems with inadequate production of vitamin D which typically result in rickets, bone deformities, cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, asthma, cancer, and/or physiological problems. These ailments would not be consistent with the Creators proclamation that the entire creation was “very good” (Genesis 1:31) in the beginning.

(Technical note: Increased oxygen, by itself, would not significantly reduce the amount of ultraviolet radiation on the surface of the Earth, but ozone which does filter ultraviolet radiation is a product of oxygen. The assumption being that a higher percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere would result in a more protective ozone layer.)

In the beginning, God gave the command, “Be fruitful, multiply, and fill the earth.” We can be confident that He also gave man the genetics to provide the optimum skin and hair color to fulfill this charge. Then, after the flood, when Noah disembarked from the Ark, God again gave the decree to “fill the earth.” Again, with this decree, we can be assured that the Creator activated the proper DNA, optimizing skin pigment variation. If one looks at the present distribution of skin pigmentation on the globe, it is obvious the darker skin colors inhabit the equatorial regions and the lighter skin colors occupy the more northern and southern latitudes.

(3) Neanderthal had a ruddy/rosy complexion.

We at Genesis and Genetics have concluded that Neanderthal is, in fact, antediluvian man (i.e. pre-flood man) ^{(Ref 2)}. If we are correct, Neanderthal is the key to understanding Adam and our roots. Two Neanderthals have been sequenced for the Mc1R gene (this gene is known to determine rate and type of pigment production thereby determining hair color and skin color). The two Neanderthals had the Val92Met ^{(Ref 3)} and Arg307Gly ^{(Ref 4)}variations of this gene, both of which are known to produce red hair and rosy complexions. It is important to point out that one Neanderthal fossil was found in Italy and the other found in Spain, leading us to suppose they were not closely related. It is not known whether these variations in Neanderthals are dominant or recessive; it is also not known if the Neanderthals had one or two copies of these variations. Therefore, we must wait to know how much variation in hair color and complexion the Neanderthals had. Today, approximately one percent of the world population has red hair. So, if Neanderthals had the same mix, the probability of testing one Neanderthal and finding it had red hair would be 1 in 100. The probability of finding two unrelated ruddy Neanderthals would be 1 in 10,000. Therefore, it is reasonable to consider that a greater percentage of Neanderthals had red hair and rosy complexions than modern humans and they inherited them from Adam.

Neanderthals have been of keen interest among anthropologists for many years. There are many Neanderthal fossils and DNA sequences which have inspired scientists to make replicas based on the best evidence. These replicas of Neanderthal generally have red hair and rosy complexions.

Summary

Adam’s hair color and skin complexion have been a great mystery, but we are getting closer to the answer. Based on the Biblical meaning of the name “Adam”, the knowledge of the early atmosphere characteristics, and the consideration that Neanderthal is Adam’s close offspring, we at Genesis and Genetics are persuaded that Adam had red hair and a rosy complexion.

References:
(1) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2011/08/110808-ancient-insects-bugs-giants-oxygen-animals-science/
(2) https://www.genesisandgenetics.org/2013/11/08/177/

(3) Qiliang Ding, Ya Hu, Shuhua Xu, Chuan-Chao Wang, Hui Li, Ruyue Zhang, Shi Yan, Jiucun Wang, Li Jin; Neanderthal Origin of the Haplotypes Carrying the Functional Variant Val92Met in theMC1R in Modern Humans. Mol Biol Evol 2014; 31 (8): 1994-2003. doi: 10.1093/molbev/msu180

(4) A Melanocortin 1 Receptor Allele Suggests Varying, Science 318, 1453 (2007);Carles Lalueza-Fox, et al., Pigmentation Among Neanderthals DOI: 10.1126/science.1147417

Time Machine – by Means of Genetics

January 2, 2017Bible/Scienceadmin

The dream of many, maybe all, is to take a ride in a time machine. This has been the subject of many science fiction films and books. The mechanics of time machines range from jumping into a black hole, riding in a supercharged DeLorean, or harnessing quantum physics. So far nothing appears to be feasible. However, we at Genesis and Genetics have discovered a sure-fire approach to travel through space and time by means of genetics, i.e. through our DNA. Time travel implies simultaneous space travel, so we use the term time/space travel.

Many backyard mechanics and distinguished scientist have worked on the notion of developing a time/space travel machine and got as far as putting it on the drawing board, but so far nothing is feasible. There are obstacles: pinpointing the time and space destination; assuring the return; not being hit by a solid obstacle during the trip and having to deal with the physiological needs during the trip. Due to these problems, many have been discouraged and lost the vision. We have not.

Consider a true time machine where one can go in the past or in the future to any location and experience actual existence at that time and that place. I personally want to witness Adam and Eve in the Garden, Noah in the Ark, the Sumerians’ society, the tower of Babel, Joseph in Egypt, Moses crossing the Red Sea, Jeremiah in the well, Jesus at Galilee, my parents when they were young, etc. Surprisingly, this is absolutely doable through genetics.

Time travel is a scientific endeavor which means we should first consult the Holy Scriptures, the basis of all science. The first clue we get is that Jesus refers to himself as the “I am.”

Jesus said unto them, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Before Abraham was, I am. (John 8:58 KJV)

The implication of this scripture is that Jesus is in the present tense all the time. He is the “I am” now, in the past, and also in the future. Our existence is limited to the now. We can remember the past, but not exist in it. We can hope for the future, but cannot experience it until time allows us. This is not true for Jesus: He steps into the past, present, or future as He wills because it is all present tense for Him. Those who are students of the Bible are well aware of these tense interchanges in the scriptures. Here is one:

I am Alpha and Omega, the beginning and the ending, saith the Lord, which is, and which was, and which is to come, the Almighty. (Revelation 1:8 KJV)

This is interesting: Jesus is time, just like He is the way, the truth, the life, the light, the door, and the Word; He is also time. The scriptures attest to this; for instance, in Isaiah the past tense is used to proclaim that Jesus was wounded for our transgressions and bruised for our iniquities, this was written hundreds of years before Jesus’ crucifixion. The implication here is that it happened before it happened, or, in other words, the crucifixion is independent of time.

So what? Just because Jesus can do it, how can we do it? Here is where it gets interesting. Jesus proclaims Himself as our savior and offers us eternity with Him. He calls us “His body.” He compels us to be “in Christ.” Our DNA attests to our close connection to Him at the creation, now, and at His coming again. Therefore, if we are truly “in him:”

We will have access to His attributes and His capabilities – one of which is time/space travel.

So, when can we take our first ride? It is my opinion that we will not have the capability to travel in time/space until we get rid of our sin. Sin is stopping us from receiving many of the benefits of being “in Christ,” including time/space travel. Presently, only a small part of the time/space universe has been polluted by our sin, but if we could travel in time and space carrying our sin with us we could pollute the entire universe including the future. The future as prophesied is pristine with no pollution of sin, and we need to keep it that way. Also, if we could travel in the past, we could change it to suit our sinful nature at present and in the future. Therefore, we must be patient and wait until we are without sin and have received and realized the righteousness of Christ; our time will come, soon.

This next scripture puts it in perspective.

But as it is written, Eye hath not seen, nor ear heard, neither have entered into the heart of man, the things which God hath prepared for them that love him. (1 Corinthians 2:9)

In summary, being “in Christ” allows us access to the greatest and only time/space machine. It is our conclusion that Jesus loves to share His creation with us and will gladly allow us to travel in space and time. Please feel free to comment on your ideas of space/time travel.

Keywords: Space travel; time travel; space/time travel; time machine; Divine space travel; omnipresence; in Christ

Science and the Bible

May 28, 2016Bible/Scienceadmin

There are many people in the scientific community that are in conflict with themselves; the conflict is between their religious beliefs and their connection with modern science. Then, there are parents that are at a loss to explain the differences between the Biblical teaching and what their children are being taught in school. If either of these describes your situation, this blog can be of help to you.

Consider going back in time and having an experienced group of scientists examine the creation just after its completion; they will examine Adam (the first human), a tree, a rock, and a star.

First, our scientists observe Adam just a few days after his creation, they observe that Adam was a certain height, weight and had the physical characteristics of an adult. These observations would be correct and irrefutable, and these observations would be in tune with the Bible in that Adam, just days after the beginning, had all the characteristics of an adult. However, if the scientists conclude that Adam had been alive for say 20-30 years, this interpretation of the observations would be wrong since Adam had been alive for just a few days. Adam is unique: he was not born; he was formed (out of dust).

There is an old rhetorical question, “what came first the chicken or the egg?” Actually, this question is not rhetorical and does have an answer; the answer is: the chicken came first. The Bible is clear; all things were created mature and fully operational in the beginning. This applies to both the chicken and Adam.

Now, let’s look at one tree the week after creation. The scientists take a bore sample and analyze the tree rings. They

observe the number of tree rings, the sulfur dioxide levels, the carbon 14 ratios, and growth rate for the years recorded by the tree rings. So, again the observations i.e., the number of rings, carbon 14 levels, sulfur dioxide levels, and rings widths are irrefutable; they can be measured and are in tune with the Biblical theme of a mature creation. The disagreement begins if an age is assigned to the tree. The tree is less than one week old (Genesis 1:12 and 13), but mature. The trees had to be created as mature in order to fulfill their role in our complex ecosystem: providing food, oxygen, and their other important functions.

Next, our scientists identify a rock as a certain type of rock and take the rock to the lab; at the lab, they perform potassium/argon isotope dating and determine that the rock is billions of years old; however, the rock is, in fact, just a few days old. God created it during the first 6 days and created it so it could provide the necessary mass, minerals, and isotopes required for a fully balanced, mature Earth.

Then our scientists look at the heavens and see a star through the
telescope. They classify it and determine its mass, redshift, and other interesting details including the apparent age of several billion years; however, it too is just days old. The Bible says that the heavens proclaim the glory of God (Psalm 19:1). If God had to start the heavens with just space dust, it wouldn’t proclaim His glory and majesty. The Bible states that He stretched out the heavens in one day (Genesis 1:14-19, Isaiah 42:5) to fully display His glory with mature stars, planets, nebulae, comets, and galaxies.

Does this all mean that God is deceitful? Absolutely not! His Word, the Bible, states clearly that the creation was completed in just six days, and everything was functional and mature. The creation is complex to the extreme and everything was created at once, stable, in balance, and, above all – ready to use. If you want a house, you don’t want to wait 25 years before it is ready to occupy; you want to move in as soon as possible. If you buy a car, you don’t want to wait 10 years for it to be built; you want it immediately so you can drive it.

This attribute of the creation, i.e., mature from the beginning, poses an interesting question: what model did God use for the recorded history prior to the beginning? For example, in the tree rings, what history was recorded? We don’t know; however, we can offer several possibilities:

(1) God is an infinite God, and His existence is from everlasting to everlasting (Psalm 90:2). Therefore, maybe, history also has no beginning and no end and is transferable from one reality to another;

(2) Genesis chapter 1 states that things were “created after their kind,” and this may also be true of history, maybe it was created after its kind; and

(3) Time may be multi-directional, and the time recorded in the tree rings may be the future had sin not occurred.

These ideas and others can be good for discussion. Please comment if you have ideas you would like to share.

Dear friends and children remember these examples: the man, the tree, the rock, and the star; they were all created to be mature and perform their role in this magnificent, divine creation.

Where Does Neanderthal Fit in the Bible ?

November 8, 2013Answers to Questions, Bible/Science, DNA, Neanderthaladmin

Neanderthal’s Biblical identity revealed: he is pre-flood man. The Bible is clear: shortly after the creation, man sinned and became extremely wicked, so wicked that God was sorry He had made man. Then, God caused a great flood, destroying all mankind with the exception of Noah and his family. We are not sure how many souls died in this global flood but suspect that it was many. A common question is, why is there no fossil evidence of those killed in the flood? There is fossil evidence of dinosaurs, mammoths, fish, vegetation, mosquitoes, and even raindrops, so why not evidence of the humans who died in the flood? The answer to this question is simple and right before us: there is fossil evidence of humans dying in the flood; these humans are referred to as Neanderthals; Neanderthal man meets the Biblical criteria for those who died in the flood very nicely.

There is no question that Neanderthal man lived on earth. Many partial skeletons have been found which have provided the scientific community with credible DNA sequences. These sequences reveal a small, but distinct genetic difference between the Neanderthal and modern man; this difference is approximately 1.3 percent in the mitochondrial DNA. If we examine the scriptures in Genesis and join them with the fossil and DNA evidence, we can explain this distinct genetic difference between Neanderthal and modern man.

Looking at the Biblical account of the flood, we find that there were sudden major changes to the environment and ecosystems. The entire earth was flooded which resulted in a change to the atmosphere which, in turn, resulted in a new ecosystem, no longer able to support huge dinosaurs with small nostrils and dragonflies with over 2-foot wingspans. Also, concerning humans, we know they lived much shorter lives after the flood as clearly documented in Genesis chapter 11. These physiological changes would require a genetic reset of DNA. This genetic reset, which was executed by God, Himself, explains the small but distinct genetic differences between modern man and those before the flood, whom we have concluded are Neanderthals. Neanderthal fossils reveal that Neanderthal had larger brains than modern man, better bone structure, stronger teeth, better bites (occlusion), fewer genetic mutations (disease), and longer lifespan. For references and Neanderthal DNA sequences, see Neanderthal’s Identity.

Accepting Neanderthal man as those living before the flood solves many mysteries such as the following:

How did Neanderthal go extinct?

Answer: He died in the flood.

Why is there no evidence of pre-flood man?

Answer: There is much evidence of pre-flood man – Neanderthal.

Why is Neanderthal genetically distinct from modern man?

Answer: Neanderthal had only the first genetic reset, but modern man has both the first and second genetic reset. See the technical paper Neanderthal’s Identity for details.

Why do we have his (Neanderthal’s) genetic mutations, but he doesn’t have ours (modern man)?

Answer: He is our ancestor. Our mutations were developed after the flood, so we have both Neanderthal and modern mutations; he has only the pre-flood mutations.

Why did Neanderthal not interbreed with modern man?

Answer: He couldn’t; Neanderthal and modern man were separated by the flood.

Why are Neanderthal’s remains found in so many diverse locations?

Answer: The flood deposited them there.

Why is Neanderthal physiologically and anatomically superior?

Answer: His DNA was closer to Adam’s.

Where does Neanderthal fit in post-flood Bible genealogy?

Answer: He doesn’t. We know the DNA from the table of nations people (Genesis Chapter 10) and subsequent generations; none has the Neanderthal genetic signature.

References:

Update (11/6/2019)

Compared to present-day human DNA, Ancient human DNA is significantly closer to Neanderthals. Here is the technical paper https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4943878/

Update (9/19/2019)

Neanderthal had less hair on his back than many present-day humans. This is due to genetic marker rs4849721. This marker is shared by Neanderthal and present-day humans. If you have a T at this marker position, you probably have less back hair than average. Neanderthals have the T which means that they too probably had less back hair than the average present-day human. Hmmm, so much for the hairy ape-man ( Ref. https://www.snpedia.com/index.php/Neanderthal/ )

Update (9/19/2018)

We have found evidence that the Neanderthal DNA is 99.5 percent identical with present-day humans (Reference 1) and that Neanderthal DNA appears to fall inside the variation of present-day humans (Reference 2).

Here is a link to additional updates to our basic premise that Neanderthals are those who lived before the flood.

Where Does Neanderthal Fit in the Bible – Update

Genesis 1 and 2 Agreement or Contradiction?

February 17, 2012Answers to Questions, Bible/Science, Mitochondrial DNAadmin

Genesis chapters 1 and 2 have been a bit of a mystery in that they appear to be in conflict with one another. However, now that we understand DNA, these two chapters converge into one creation account that is logically and chronologically perfect.

Genesis 1 documents the order of creation. Genesis chapter 2, on the other hand, documents the order in which life was given to the creation: the activation.

Everything was created before the seventh day, but the plants had not been planted and neither animals nor man had been given the breath of life; they were dormant. The Bible is clear, God rested on the seventh day; if God had given man life on the sixth day, God could not have rested on the seventh; He wouldn’t abandon Adam nor would He want to miss Adam’s first day of life; but, after God rested, He formed Adam from the earth in accordance with the DNA created and selected on day 6; then, God gave Adam the breath of life and he, Adam, became a living soul.

This notion is further supported by the parable of the farmer who planted his field with good seed and then rested (Matthew 13:24). As the farmer rested, the seeds had not yet started growing, they were still dormant, still in seed form. This is the way it was on day 7 of creation; everything was created, ready for activation, but dormant. Then, in Genesis chapter 2, after God rested, He took the DNA created on day 6 and formed man, and breathed life into him. For those of you who study Hebrew, you will see that the word used in Genesis 1 is different from the one used in Genesis 2. The word used in Genesis 1 is “bara” having the sense of selecting, and in Genesis 2 the word “yatsar” has the sense of forming or squeezing into shape much like a potter forming his pot.

Here is some of the Genesis 2 account of the creation which shows that the materials were available, the plans were complete, and then came the activation in according to the Creators design and purpose. Please consider the following excerpts from Genesis 2:

Genesis 2:5 When no bush of the field was yet in the land and no small plant of the field had yet sprung up–for the LORD God had not caused it to rain on the land, and there was no man to work the ground,

Genesis 2:7 then the LORD God formed the man of dust from the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living creature.

Genesis 2:8 And the LORD God planted a garden in Eden, in the east, and there he put the man whom he had formed.

Genesis 2:9 And out of the ground the LORD God made to spring up every tree that is pleasant to the sight and good for food. The tree of life was in the midst of the garden, and the tree of the knowledge of good and evil.

Genesis 2:15 The LORD God took the man and put him in the garden of Eden to work it and keep it.

Genesis 2:19 Now out of the ground the LORD God had formed every beast of the field and every bird of the heavens and brought them to the man to see what he would call them. And whatever the man called every living creature, that was its name.

Genesis 2:20 The man gave names to all livestock and to the birds of the heavens and to every beast of the field. . (ESV)

So, Adam was given life first, then the plants, then the animals. It all makes sense.

This also explains Genesis 5:2 which has been a mystery until now:

Genesis 5:2 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created. (KJV)

He created them male and female and called their name Adam. He called their name Adam. Adam embodied all human genetic variation. Your genes, my genes, everyone’s genes were in Adam. We were all created on day 6 and God called our name “Adam;” the name “Adam” means “man.” It goes on to say “in the day when they were created.” Again, the they is we. Our DNA was created on day six, but we were formed and given life in our mother’s womb.

Dear friends and children, know that the Bible is true and can be trusted. Genesis chapters one and two are logically and chronologically perfect.

Adam’s Rib

November 5, 2011Answers to Questions, Bible/Scienceadmin

God Creates Eve

The Bible is the basis for all science. Consider the Biblical account of the creation of Eve by use of Adam’s rib.

Genesis 2:21 -22 So the LORD God caused a deep sleep to fall upon the man, and while he slept took one of his ribs and closed up its place with flesh. And the rib that the LORD God had taken from the man he made into a woman and brought her to the man. (ESV)

This is an interesting scripture. Adam was formed first from the earth, then Eve was made from Adam’s rib.

Human Ribs Regenerate

I recently read an article about a man who was in a serious automobile accident; he lived but required many reconstruction surgeries on his face and cranium. He noticed that the doctor was using rib material for the reconstruction, and it appeared that the doctor kept using the same rib. Before one surgery the man asked the doctor when would he have to start using a different rib. The surgeon told him that it wouldn’t be necessary since human ribs regenerate.

This seemed amazing, so I checked it out. It is true, PubMedID: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7332200/ documents 12 patients that were subject to cranioplasty surgery using their human ribs to rebuild cranium bone damage. Forty-two pieces of rib, an average length of 13 cm were removed to rebuild the cranium. All 12 patients “had solid protection of the brain” and “complete regeneration of the donor rib.”

Adam was Restored to Perfection

The rib is the only human bone that regenerates. Isn’t it lucky the Bible picked the right bone? No, actually, it wasn’t luck, God designed it that way and the Bible is the Word of God.

The fact that the rib regenerates supports another scripture:

Genesis 1:31 And God saw every thing that he had made, and, behold, it was very good. And the evening and the morning were the sixth day. (KJV)

If Adam would have had a missing rib, the creation wouldn’t be “very good,” but it would be blemished. However, we now know that Adam was totally restored to the “very good” condition; science confirms what has been in Genesis all along.

The Bible Got it Right

Here is another significant scientific fact concerning the creation of Eve. Adam, being a human male, had one X and one Y chromosome; Eve had two Xs. This may be a small point, but it shows that all the genetic information required to create Eve was in Adam. So, Eve could be taken from Adam, but Adam could not be taken from Eve. The Bible stands, pure.

If scientists considered the Bible as a scientific source, we wouldn’t waste so much time and resources. We are finding that the Bible accurately describes dark mass and energy, genetics, zoology, geology, paleontology, linguistics, and physics. The Bible has stood, stands, and will stand forever.

Post Note: It is a myth that women have fewer ribs than men.

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Adam’s DNA

September 12, 2011Answers to Questions, Bible/Scienceadmin

According to the Bible, Adam was created in God’s image approximately 6000 years ago. Now that we are beginning to understand DNA, we can determine Adam’s DNA; and by understanding Adam’s DNA, and how it relates to us, we can make some significant progress in understanding who we really are and how we fit into the Kingdom of God.

Genesis 2:7 And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul. (KJV)

So, Adam became a living soul, the first living soul. This means that he necessarily had all of the human genetic variations in his DNA. Everyone, including Eve, came from Adam’s DNA.

(Note: If the Bible proclaimed that the first human were a woman, the Bible would be in error since women do not have the Y-Chromosome, without which man could not have been formed from the woman’s rib DNA. This is why it is called the Bible.)

Every human being has two sets of genes, one from their father and one from their mother. These genes are generally dominant or recessive. If you get two dominant genes, that trait will be dominant. If you get two recessive genes, that trait will be recessive. If you get one dominant and one recessive gene, that trait will be dominant. This means that Adam had one dominant and one recessive gene for each trait; so, in effect, we know Adam’s DNA and we have an idea what he looked like: he had dominant genetic traits.

Humans have approximately 22,000 genes and combinations of these genes give us variation in physical appearance such as eye color, nose shape, foot size, etc. These genes also affect our abilities and personality.

So, we know that Adam had all human variation in him and therefore one dominant and one recessive gene for each of the genes. Based on current understanding of dominant traits, we can be reasonably sure that Adam had unattached earlobes, dimples, was right handed, had a widow’s peak hairline, and curly hair. All of these traits are dominant traits.

This is all very interesting, but, now we need to get into the spiritual: Adam embodied all of humanity, including Eve and you and me. Please read this one very carefully, the key word here is “them”:

Genesis 5:2 Male and female created he them; and blessed them, and called their name Adam, in the day when they were created.(KJV)

So, all of humanity was created on day six. Adam was formed and given life after God’s rest, Eve was formed and given life shortly thereafter, and you and I were formed and given life in our mother’s womb. This is why God said to Jeremiah:

Jeremiah 1:4 Then the word of the LORD came unto me, saying,

Jeremiah 1:5 Before I formed thee in the belly I knew thee; and before thou camest forth out of the womb I sanctified thee, and I ordained thee . . . (KJV)

When Adam sinned, he became corruptible and took on the sin nature. Since Adam embodied all of humanity, we all went down with him and also took on the sin nature. Part of this sin nature is the corruption of our genes in the form of mutations. Today, every generation has approximately 70 more genetic mutations than the previous generation. These mutations can result in deformation, disorders and disease; genetic mutations are never good. This is a bit discouraging, but we have the promise that in a twinkling of an eye, our DNA will be restored to the day 6 splendor. This is good news, this is the Gospel.

I Corinthians 15:51 Behold, I shew you a mystery; We shall not all sleep, but we shall all be changed,

I Corinthians 15:52 In a moment, in the twinkling of an eye, at the last trump: for the trumpet shall sound, and the dead shall be raised incorruptible, and we shall be changed.

I Corinthians 15:53 For this corruptible must put on incorruption, and this mortal must put on immortality. (KJV)

My dear friends and children, we have gone through much here on earth, but our future is very bright: We have the hope of being redeemed and restored to our original , day six, self.

To do: Study some basic biology with your children in the context of the Bible:

(1) Learn about recessive and dominant genes.

(2) Put together a list of Adam’s probable physical traits.